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1. What is the primary purpose of collecting data?

A) To decorate webpages
B) To store data indefinitely
C) To make decisions based on analysis
D) To reduce computer memory usage

ANSWER= C) To make decisions based on analysis

2. Which of the following is an example of structured data?

A) A newspaper article
B) An image on a website
C) A table showing inventory items in a shop
D) A video file

ANSWER= C) A table showing inventory items in a shop

3. What does metadata represent?

A) Multimedia content
B) Data about data
C) Only numerical data
D) None of the above

ANSWER= B) Data about data

4. Which of the following is an outlier?

A) A value that is identical to the mean
B) A value that occurs most frequently
C) An extremely high or low value compared to others
D) A value with zero frequency

ANSWER= C) An extremely high or low value compared to others

5. What statistical technique is most affected by outliers?

A) Median
B) Mode
C) Mean
D) Standard Deviation

ANSWER= C) Mean

6. In structured data, what is an attribute?

A) The format of an image
B) A column representing a characteristic
C) A row of values
D) A description of metadata

ANSWER= B) A column representing a characteristic

7. Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range

ANSWER= D) Range

8. What is the correct order of the data processing cycle?

A) Input → Output → Processing
B) Collection → Preparation → Entry → Storage → Processing → Output
C) Output → Processing → Storage
D) Entry → Output → Collection

ANSWER= B) Collection → Preparation → Entry → Storage → Processing → Output

9. Which of the following is used to summarize data for easy understanding?

A) Audio processing
B) Metadata generation
C) Statistical techniques
D) Data hiding

ANSWER= C) Statistical techniques

10. What is the standard deviation used for?

A) To find the middle value
B) To count data entries
C) To measure the spread of data
D) To identify structured data

ANSWER= C) To measure the spread of data

11. What is the mode of the dataset [34, 34, 27, 28, 27, 34, 34]?

A) 27
B) 34
C) 28
D) 33

ANSWER= B) 34

12. Which of the following storage devices is volatile?

A) Pen Drive
B) CD/DVD
C) HDD
D) None of the above

ANSWER= D) None of the above

13. Unstructured data can include all except:

A) Audio files
B) Web pages with multimedia
C) Tables with rows and columns
D) Social media messages

ANSWER= C) Tables with rows and columns

14. Which of the following tasks represents data collection?

A) Calculating standard deviation
B) Retrieving data from a file
C) Filling student details in an online form
D) Printing a report card

ANSWER= C) Filling student details in an online form

15. Which tool is suggested for data processing in future chapters?

A) Java
B) MySQL
C) Python
D) HTML

ANSWER= C) Python

16. Which statistical technique is suitable for finding income disparity?

A) Mode
B) Median
C) Mean
D) Standard Deviation

ANSWER= D) Standard Deviation

17. What does the median represent in a dataset?

A) The average of all values
B) The value that occurs most frequently
C) The value that appears at the center after sorting
D) The maximum value in the list

ANSWER= C) The value that appears at the center after sorting

18. Which of the following best describes unstructured data?

A) Can be easily stored in tables
B) Has a clear format with fixed fields
C) Lacks predefined structure
D) Cannot be stored digitally

ANSWER= C) Lacks predefined structure

19. What is the formula for standard deviation (σ) as per the chapter?

ANSWER= 

20. Assertion (A): Raw data by itself is usually not meaningful for decision-making. Reason (R): Raw data can be interpreted directly without the need for processing.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= C) A is true, but R is false.

21. Assertion (A): Structured data is easier to manage and analyze using spreadsheet or database soft- ware. Reason (R): Structured data is organized in a well-defined format, typically using rows and columns where each column represents a data attribute.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

22. Assertion (A): Metadata helps in identifying and organizing unstructured data. Reason (R): Metadata provides information about data, such as file type, size, resolution, and content description.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

23. Assertion (A): Median is a preferred measure of central tendency when data contains outliers. Reason (R): Median is calculated by averaging all the data values in the dataset.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= C) A is true, but R is false.

24. Assertion (A): Standard deviation gives a more accurate measure of variability than range. Reason (R): Standard deviation considers the deviation of each data point from the mean, while range considers only the highest and lowest values.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

25. Assertion (A): Dynamic pricing models in cab and airline services rely on real-time data analysis. Reason (R): These pricing models are based on historical sales reports compiled over a period of several months.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= C) A is true, but R is false.

26. Assertion (A): Unstructured data cannot be processed efficiently using traditional database tools. Reason (R): Traditional database tools are designed to work with structured data that has a fixed schema, like tables with defined columns.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

27. Assertion (A): Range and standard deviation are both used to measure how spread out data values are from each other. Reason (R): Range and standard deviation are used to find the most frequently occurring value in a dataset.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= C) A is true, but R is false.

28. Assertion (A): Data entry is an essential step in the data processing cycle. Reason (R): Data entry is the same as the process of collecting real-world data from various sources.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= C) A is true, but R is false.

29. Assertion (A): Mode can be calculated for both numeric and non-numeric data values. Reason (R): Mode identifies the value(s) that occur most frequently in the dataset.

A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C) A is true, but R is false.
D) A is false, but R is true.

ANSWER= A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.