2. Which of the following is NOT a component of data communication?
3. In data communication, the medium through which the message travels is known as:
4. What unit is used to measure bandwidth?
5. Which term refers to the number of bits transmitted per second in a communication channel?
6. How many bits are there in 1 Kbps?
7. A communication mode that allows data to flow only in one direction is called:
8. An example of simplex communication is:
9. In half-duplex communication, data transmission occurs:
10. Which device is typically used in full-duplex communication?
11. What is the main disadvantage of circuit switching?
12. In packet switching, each message is broken into:
13. Which switching method sends all data through the same path?
14. What type of cable is twisted in pairs to reduce interference?
15. Which type of twisted pair cable has a metal shield?
16. Which cable carries signals in the form of light?
17. Optical fiber cables use which principle to transmit data?
18. What is the primary medium in unguided transmission?
19. Which of the following is a guided transmission medium?
20. What wave type can travel long distances and penetrate walls?
21. Which wireless wave type requires line-of-sight communication?
22. Which wireless medium is used in TV remote controls?
23. What is the typical range of Bluetooth?
24. What frequency does Bluetooth operate on?
25. hat is the maximum number of active devices in a Bluetooth piconet?
26. Which protocol is used to access web pages on the internet?
27. HTTP operates using which model?
28. What protocol is used for transferring files between two systems?
29. FTP can work with or without:
30. PPP protocol is mainly used for:
31. What ensures data packets reach in correct order and without loss?
32. The IP protocol ensures that each device has a unique:
33. Which protocol is used to send emails?
34. In SMTP, what part is mainly used to deliver mail?
35. What does bandwidth refer to in communication?
36. What is the main function of a protocol in communication?
37. Which generation introduced SMS and MMS services?
38. Which generation was the first to provide mobile internet?
39. 4G technology supports:
40. What is the expected benefit of 5G over 4G?
41. What does VoIP stand for?
42. Which wave type is not used in wireless communication?
43. What device regenerates signals weakened over long distances?
44. Wi-Fi is based on which IEEE standard?
45. WiMax is typically used in:
46. Which cable offers the highest bandwidth?
47. What kind of signal does coaxial cable transmit?
48. What role do protocols play in flow control?
49. A narrow one-way bridge is analogous to:
50. What is a key reason to use packet switching over circuit switching?
51. Assertion (A): In data communication, a message can include text, audio, video, and multimedia. Reason (R): Communication is limited to transmitting numeric data only.
52. Assertion (A): The sender and receiver are essential components of any data communication system. Reason (R): Protocols define the electrical voltage required for communication.
53. Assertion (A): Bandwidth is measured in bits per second. Reason (R): Bandwidth represents the range of frequencies a channel can carry.
54. Assertion (A): Data transfer rate is also called bit rate. Reason (R): It refers to the number of bits transferred in one second between sender and receiver.
55. Assertion (A): Simplex communication allows data to be sent in both directions simultaneously. Reason (R): In simplex communication, only one device sends data and the other only receives.
56. Assertion (A): Half-duplex communication is similar to a one-way bridge used by vehicles alternately. Reason (R): In half-duplex, devices can send and receive, but not at the same time.
57. Assertion (A): Circuit switching establishes a dedicated path between sender and receiver. Reason (R): It is mostly used in modern Internet communication systems.
58. Assertion (A): In packet switching, packets may take different routes through the network. Reason (R): All packets must follow the exact same path for proper delivery.
59. Assertion (A): Guided media include twisted pair, coaxial, and optical fiber cables. Reason (R): Guided media do not require any physical path for transmission.
60. Assertion (A): Optical fiber cable is immune to electromagnetic interference. Reason (R): It uses light signals instead of electrical signals for data transmission.
61. Assertion (A): Microwave communication requires direct line-of-sight between antennas. Reason (R): Microwaves can penetrate walls and hills.
62. Assertion (A): Bluetooth technology supports long-distance communication over kilometers. Reason (R): Bluetooth operates over short range with a typical distance of about 10 meters.
63. Assertion (A): Wi-Fi enables mobile devices to access the internet wirelessly. Reason (R): Wi-Fi works through Access Points connected to a wired network.
64. Assertion (A): WiMax is suitable for metropolitan area networks (MANs). Reason (R): WiMax has a higher range and data rate than Wi-Fi.
65. Assertion (A): 5G technology supports Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. Reason (R): 5G is faster than 4G and suitable for IoT devices.
66. Assertion (A): HTTP is a protocol used for email communication. Reason (R): HTTP works on the client-server model for transferring hypertext documents.
67. Assertion (A): FTP ensures seamless file transfer between different machines. Reason (R): FTP handles differences in file naming, text formats, and directory structures.
68. Assertion (A): PPP is used to establish a direct link between two devices. Reason (R): PPP cannot ensure data integrity during transmission.
69. Assertion (A): SMTP delivers emails based on information in the email header. Reason (R): SMTP automatically deletes all emails after 24 hours.
70. Assertion (A): TCP/IP is the foundational protocol of the Internet. Reason (R): TCP breaks data into packets, and IP handles addressing and routing.

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