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2ND PUC COMPUTER SCIENCE VIVA QUESTIONS
DATA
STRUCUTURE
1.
What
is data structure?
Ans:
a data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data
2.
What
are primitive data structures?
Ans:
integer, floating point, character and pointer
3.
Define
an array
Ans:
array is a collection of homogeneous data items under the same name
4.
What
is traversal?
Ans:
the process of accessing each data item exactly once to perform some operation
is called traversing
5.
What
is searching? Mention any two searching techniques
Ans:
the process of finding the location of a data item from the given collection of
data items is called searching
Ex:
linear search and binary search
6.
What
is sorting?
Ans:
the process of arrangement of data items in ascending or descending order is
called sorting
7.
What
is merging?
Ans:
the process of combining the data items of two structures to form a single
structure is called merging
8.
What
is stack?
Ans:
a stack is an ordered collection of items where the addition of new items and
the removal of existing items always take place at the same end. This technique
uses LIFO principle
9.
What
are the applications of stacks?
Ans:
- stack is used to reverse a word
-
It is used in
“undo” mechanism in text editors
-
Used in
backtracking
-
Used in
conversion of decimal number into binary
-
To solve tower
of Hanoi
-
Conversion of
infix into prefix and postfix expression
10.
What
are prefix and postfix expressions?
Ans:
if an operator precedes two operands, it is called prefix expression
Ex: +ab
If an operator follows two operands it is
called post fix expression
Ex: ab+
11.What
is queue?
Ans:
a queue is an ordered collection of items where an item is inserted at one end
called the rear and the existing item is removed at the other end called the
front. Queues maintain a FIFO principle
12.
Specify
the types of queues
Ans:
- Simple queue
-
Circular queue
-
Priority queue
-
Dequeue or
double ended queue
13.
What
is linked list?
Ans:
a linked list is a linear collection of data elements called nodes and the
linear order is given by means of pointers. Each node contains two parts
fields: the data and reference to the next node.
14.
Mention
the types of linked lists
Ans:
Singly linked list(SLL), Doubly linked list(DLL) and Circular linked list(CLL)
15.
What
is garbage collection?
Ans:
if a node is added from the linked list or if a linked list is deleted, we
require the space to be available for future use. The memory space of the
deleted nodes is immediately reinserted into the free storage list. The
operating system of the computer periodically collects all the deleted space
into the free-storage list. This technique of collecting deleted space into
free-storage list is called as garbage collection
16.
What
is graph?
Ans:
a graph is a collection of nodes called vertices and the connections between
them called edges
17. List the types
of graphs
Ans:
directed and undirected graphs
BASIC
CONCEPT OF OOP
1.
What
are the basic concepts of OOPs? OR what are the major characteristics of OOPs?
Ans:
- Objects -Classes -Data abstraction -Data encapsulation
-
Inheritance -Overloading -Polymorphism -Dynamic binding
-
Message passing
2.
What
is object?
Ans:
object is an entity which has physical existence in the real world. An object
is a collection of data members and associated member functions. Each object is
identified by a unique name
3.
What
is class?
Ans:
a class is a collection of object of similar type that share some common
properties among them
4.
What
is data abstraction?
Ans:
data abstraction permits the user to use an object without knowing its internal
working
5.
What
do you mean by data encapsulation?
Ans:
data encapsulation will prevent direct access to data. The data can be accessed
only through functions present inside the class.
6.
What
is inheritance?
Ans:
inheritance is a process of acquiring properties from parent class to child
class
7.
What
is overloading?
Ans:
two or more functions having the same name but differ in the number of arguments
or data type of arguments is called overloading.
8.
What
is polymorphism?
Ans:
a function can take multiple forms based on the type of arguments, number of
arguments and data type of return value
9.
What
is Dynamic binding?
Ans:
it is a process of connecting one program to another at the time of its
execution is called dynamic binding
10. What is a base
class?
Ans:
the class that inherit its property to another class is called base class or
parent class or super class
11. What is a
derived class?
Ans:
a class that get inherited by the other class is called derived class or child
class or sub class
12. What is message
passing?
Ans:
a message for an object is request for execution of procedure. Message passing
involves specifying the name of object, name of the function and the
information to be sent
13. What are the
applications of OOP?
Ans:
- Computer graphic applications
-
CAD/CAM software
-
Object oriented
data base
-
User interface
design such as windows
-
Real time
systems
-
Simulation and
modeling
-
Artificial
intelligence and expert systems
CLASSES AND
OBJECTS
1.
Write
the syntax of class
Ans:
class
class_name
{
private:
data member;
function member;
protected:
data member;
function member;
public:
data member;
function member;
};
2.
What
are the access specifiers? Mention their types
Ans:
access specifiers are the keywords in C++ that allows access permission of the
members of the class.
There are three types of access
specifiers
-
private -protected
-public
3.
Where
member functions can be defined?
Ans:
member functions can be defined inside the class definition and outside the
class definition using scope resolution operator (::)
4.
What
are the two types of members referenced in a class?
Ans:
data members and function members
5.
Which
type of members is accessible outside the class?
Ans:
public
6.
Which
access specifier is implicitly used in a class?
Ans:
private
7.
What
is meant by an array of objects?
Ans:
it is a collection of object of same class type are called array of objects
FUNCTION
OVERLOADING AND MEMBER FUNCTIONS
1.
Mention
the restrictions on overloaded functions
Ans:
- each function in a set of overloaded function must have different argument
list
-
If typedef is
used for naming functions, then the function is not considered as different
type
2.
What
are inline functions?
Ans:
inline function makes the compiler to replace a function call with the body of
the function
3.
What
are the advantages of inline function?
Ans: - they are compact function calls
-
The size of the
object code is considerably reduced
-
The speed of the
program execution increases
-
Efficient code
can be generated
-
The readability
of the program increases
4.
What
is the disadvantage of inline function?
Ans:
as the body of inline function is substituted in place of a function call, the
size of the executable file increases and more memory is needed
5.
When
inline function may not work?
Ans:
inline function may not work when it is too long or complicated, when it is
recursive, when it has looping constructs and when it has a switch or goto
statements
6.
What
is friend function?
Ans:
a friend function is a non-member function that is a friend of a class. The
friend function is declared within a class with the prefix friend. This
function is used to access private and protected members of the class
CONSTRUCOTRS
AND DESTRUCTORS
1.
What
is a constructor?
Ans:
constructor is a special member function used to initialize the data members of
the class
2.
What
are the rules for writing constructors?
Ans:
- a constructor name is same as that of the class name
-
There is no
return type, not even void
-
A constructor
should be declared in public section
-
A constructor is
invoked automatically when objects are created
-
It is not
possible to refer to the address of the constructors
-
The constructors
make implicit calls to the operators new and delete when memory allocation is
required
3.
Mention
the types of constructors
Ans: - Default constructor
-
Parameterized
constructor
-
Copy constructor
4.
What
are parameterized constructors?
Ans:
a constructor that takes one or more arguments is called parameterized
constructor
5.
What
is copy constructor?
Ans:
A copy constructor in which one object can be copied to another object
6.
What
is destructor?
Ans:
A destructor is a special member function that will be executed automatically
when an object is destroyed. It is having same name as that of the class but
preceded by a tilde (~).
INHERITANCE
1.
What
are the advantages of inheritance?
Ans:
- Reusing the existing code
-
Faster
development time
-
Easy to maintain
-
Easy to extend
-
Memory
utilization
2.
Mention
the types of inheritance
Ans:
- Single inheritance
-
Multilevel
inheritance
-
Multiple
inheritance
-
Hierarchical
inheritance
-
Hybrid
inheritance
3.
What
are virtual base classes?
Ans:
When two or more objects are derived from a common base class, we can prevent
multiple copies of the base class being present in an object derived from those
objects by declaring the base class as virtual when it is being inherited. Such
a base class is known as virtual base class. This can be achieved by preceding
the base class name with the word virtual.
POINTER
1.
What
is a pointer?
Ans:
pointer is a special variable that hold the address of another variable
2.
How
do you declare and initialize pointer?
Ans:
Declaration:
data type
*pointer_variable, common_variable_name;
Initialization:
Pointer_variable=Address_operator
common_ variable_name;
Ex:
int *ptr,a;
ptr=&a;
3.
What
are the operators that are used with pointers?
Ans:
- the address of operator (&) and pointer operator (*)
4.
What
is memory leak?
Ans:
if the objects that are allocated memory dynamically are not deleted using
delete, the memory block remains occupied even at the end of the program. These
memory blocks increase in number; bring adverse effect on the system. This
situation is called memory leak
5.
What
is static memory?
Ans:
it is a memory allocated to the variable during its declaration
6.
What
is dynamic memory?
Ans:
it is a memory allocated to the variable during execution of a program
7.
What
is free store?
Ans:
free store is a pool of unallocated memory heap given to a program that is used
by the program for dynamic allocation during execution
SQL
COMMANDS
1.
What
are DDL commands?
Ans:
CREATE, ALTER AND DROP
2.
What
are DML commands?
Ans:
INSERT, UPDATE AND DELETE
3.
What
are the operators used in SQL?
Ans:
- Arithmetic operator
-
Comparison
operator
-
Logical operator
-
Operators used
to negate conditions
4.
What
is SQL primary key?
Ans:
a column or combination of columns which uniquely identifies each row in the
table
5.
What
is foreign key? OR what is referential integrity?
Ans:
this constraint identifies any column referencing the primary key in another
table
6.
What
is unique key?
Ans:
this constraint ensures that a column or a group of columns in each row have a
distinct value. A column(s) can have a null value but the values cannot be
duplicated
7.
What
are DCL commands?
Ans:
GRANT and REVOKE
8.
Expand
SQL
Ans:
Structured Query Language
9.
What
is the use of commit and revoke command?
Ans:
commit command is used to save the document permanently and it is used to save
changes whereas revoke command is used to undone the changes made
WEB
DESIGNING
1.
Expand
HTML
Ans:
HyperText Markup Language
2.
Name
any four tags
Ans:
<html>, <body>, <b>, <head>, <p>, <title>
etc
3.
What
is web browser?
Ans:
Web browser is application software that interprets the tags written in html
4.
What
are the types of listing?
Ans:
Ordered List (<OL>) and Unordered List (<UL>)
5. What is the tag
used to get hyperlink?
Ans:
Anchor tag <a>
6. How to write
comment line in HTML?
Ans:
<! Text here>
7. What is the
extension of hypertext markup language file?
Ans: . (dot) html
8. What is XML?
Ans:
eXtended Markup Langauage (XML) for documents containing structured information
9. What is DHTML?
Ans:
Dynamic HyperText Markup Language
10. Expand URL
Ans:
Uniform Resource Locator
11. Expand HTTP.
Ans:
HyperText Tranfer Protocol.
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